In a study of 419 women who identified themselves as multi-orgasmic, researchers examined what their typical experiences looked like. Even within a group of people who shared that ability, the patterns differed substantially. But the study was an online survey specifically of women who already described themselves as multi-orgasmic, so it cannot tell us how common this experience is among women overall.
Male multiple orgasm is even less studied. One literature review identified only 15 relevant publications and explicitly noted the lack of physiological data. A later study of 122 men who reported multiple orgasms also found no single universal pattern: most described two to four orgasms separated by intervals, but the study relied on self-report and did not include physiological measurements.
There is another reason to be cautious about neat explanations. Even the refractory period — the temporary reduction in capacity for another erection and ejaculation after male orgasm — remains relatively under-researched in humans, despite how confidently it is often discussed.
So science currently supports a few fairly solid conclusions: multiple orgasms exist, they are experienced by women and by some men, the experience takes different forms, and the capacity is not universal.
What research has not produced is a ranking system in which more orgasms equal better sexual health. That is probably good news. Bodies do not have to pass a repetition test.